Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on a healthy and physically active person. Case report and update of the main findings

Impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en persona sana y físicamente activa. Reporte de un caso y actualización de los principales hallazgos

Abstract


Introduction. Not all people exposed to COVID-19 develop a severe respiratory disease and the number of young adults without previous pathologies, seriously affected by the virus, is increasing. Many of non-specific symptoms and complications have been evidenced after the recovery.


Objective. To evaluate the repercussions in a healthy and physically active subject who presented serious medical complications and post-COVID-19 complications.


Case report. A 41-year-old man, physically active and without known diseases, in whom SARS-CoV2 infection with a positive PCR test is documented. He required 22 days in the ICU, 17 days in general hospitalization, 57 days of disability and after twelve months there is evident weight and memory loss, difficulty thinking and concentrating, loss of muscle mass, compromised liver function, tiredness and fatigue, muscle pain, sleep problems, changes in mood, and alterations in the taste. According to the current findings, the production of a type of antibody prevents the immune system from having an adequate response against the disease. In addition to this, a new gateway for the virus into the body has been described: the protein neuropilin- 1 (NRP1), as well as the possible decrease in surfactant that allows the flexibility of the lungs. This could provide answers to complications in healthy and physically active people after COVID-19 infection.


Conclusions. Understanding that COVID-19 is a recent disease, there is still a lot of information to collect to understand its behavior in the human body. However, research is providing evidence on why COVID-19 can cause serious medical complications in healthy and physically active people. Understanding that it is a multifactorial situation, more research is necessary with this population in order to carry out clinical management approaches according to the disease and avoid fatal outcomes.


Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citado por


Authors


Oscar Adolfo Niño Méndez
Angie Carolina Sierra Sampedro
Eduard Alonso Ceballos Bernal
Cristian Andrés Núñez Espinoza
Jorge Leonardo Rodríguez Mora

References


Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the Covid-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020;383(6):508–10. doi: https://doi.org/doi: 10.1056/NEJMp2008017

Ritchie H, Mathieu E, Rodés-Guirao L, Appel C, Giattino C, Ortiz-Ospina E, et al. Statistics and Research Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19) – the data [Internet]. Our World in Data. 2021. Available from: https://ourworldindata.org/coronavirus-data

Dunlop C, Howe A, Li D, Allen LN. The coronavirus outbreak: The central role of primary care in emergency preparedness and response. BJGP Open [Internet]. 2020;4(1):3–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgpopen20X101041

Fisher D, Wilder-Smith A. The global community needs to swiftly ramp up the response to contain COVID-19. Lancet [Internet]. 2020;395(10230):1109–10. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30679-6

Instituto Nacional de Salud. Colombia. COVID-19 en Colombia Reporte 24-11-2021 5:50 p.m. 2021.

Kluge HHP, Wickramasinghe K, Rippin HL, Mendes R, Peters DH, Kontsevaya A, et al. Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases in the COVID-19 response. Lancet [Internet]. 2020;395(10238):1678–80. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31067-9

Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir [Internet]. 2020;8(4):e21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30116-8

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA - J Am Med Assoc [Internet]. 2020;323(11):1061–9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585

DeBiasi RL, Song X, Delaney M, Bell M, Smith K, Pershad J, et al. Severe COVID-19 in children and young adults in the Washington, DC metropolitan region. J Pediatr [Internet]. 2020; doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004

Goldstein E, Lipsitch M. Temporal rise in the proportion of younger adults and older adolescents among coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases following the introduction of physical distancing measures, Germany, March to April 2020. Eurosurveillance [Internet]. 2020;25(17):22–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.17.2000596

Brodin P. Why is COVID-19 so mild in children? Acta Paediatr [Internet]. 2020;109(6):1082–3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15271

Fernandes N. Economic effects of coronavirus outbreak ( COVID-19 ) on the world economy [Internet]. IESE Business School Working Paper No. WP-1240-E. 2020. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3557504

Ashcroft P, Lehtinen S, Angst DC, Low N, Bonhoeffer S. Quantifying the impact of quarantine duration on covid-19 transmission. Elife [Internet]. 2021;10:1–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.63704

Wang Y, Shi L, Que J, Lu Q, Liu L, Lu Z, et al.. The impact of quarantine on mental health status among general population in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mol Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021;26(9):4813-4822. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-021-01019-y

Wood S, Harrison SE, Judd N, Bellis MA, Hughes K, Jones A. The impact of behavioural risk factors on communicable diseases : a systematic review of reviews. BMC Public Health [Internet]. 2021;21(1):1–16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12148-y

Gabrielli M, Franza L, Esperide A, Gasparrini I, Gasbarrini A, Franceschi F. Liver Injury in patients hospitalized for COVID-19: possible role of therapy. Vaccines. 2022;10(2):1–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10020192

Gobbi M, Brunani A, Arreghini M, Baccalaro G, Dellepiane D, La Vela V, et al. Nutritional status in post SARS-Cov2 rehabilitation patients. Clin Nutr [Internet]. 2021; doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2021.04.013

Ceban F, Ling S, Lui LMW, Lee Y, Gill H, Teopiz KM, et al. Fatigue and cognitive impairment in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2022;101(November 2021):93–135. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.020

Puntmann VO, Carerj ML, Wieters I, Fahim M, Arendt C, Hoffmann J, et al. Outcomes of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients recently recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA Cardiol [Internet]. 2020;5(11):1265–73. doi: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.3557

Sattar N, McInnes IB, McMurray JJV. Obesity is a risk factor for severe COVID-19 infection: multiple potential mechanisms. Circulation [Internet]. 2020;142(1):4–6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.047659

Yang, J., Hu, J., & Zhu C. Obesity aggravates COVID‐19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Virol [Internet]. 2021;93(1):257–61. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.26237

Biswas M, Rahaman S, Biswas TK, Haque Z, Ibrahim B. Association of sex, age, and comorbidities with mortality in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intervirology [Internet]. 2021;64(1):36–47. doi: https://doi.org/10.1159/000512592

Zhou W, Wang W. Auto-antibodies against type I IFNs are associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Signal Transduct Target Ther [Internet]. 2021;6(1):2020–1. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00514-6

Aguilar F, Vega J, Suclupe D. SARS-CoV-2 : mucho más que un virus respiratorio SARS-COV-2 : more than a respiratory virus. Arch méd Camaguey [Internet]. 2021;25(2):299–315. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1025-02552021000200014&lng=es&nrm=iso

Abebe EC, Ayele TM, Muche ZT, Dejenie TA. Neuropilin 1: A novel entry factor for sars-cov-2 infection and a potential therapeutic target. Biol Targets Ther [Internet]. 2021;15:143–52. doi: https://doi.org/10.2147/BTT.S307352

Díaz-Casañas E, Rodríguez-Moya VS, Montes de Oca Martínez N. Surfactante pulmonar: posible intervención frente al nuevo Síndrome Respiratorio Agudo Severo Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Rev Habanera Ciencias Médicas [Internet]. 2020;19. Available from: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-519X2020000400016&lng=es&nrm=iso

Yazdanpanah F, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. The immune system and COVID-19: Friend or foe? Life Sci [Internet]. 2020;256(June):117900. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117900

Da Silveira MP, Da Silva Fagundes KK, Bizuti MR, Starck É, Rossi RC, De Resende e Silva DT. Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med [Internet]. 2021;21(1):15–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3

Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, Madhavan MV., McGroder C, Stevens JS, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med [Internet]. 2021;27(4):601–15. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01283-z

Su Y, Yuan D, Chen DG, Ng RH, Wang K, Choi J, et al. Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae. Cell [Internet]. 2022;185(5):881-895.e20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.014

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.