Efectos del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad en altitud simulada. Revisión sistemática

Effects of high-intensity interval training at simulated Altitude. Systematic review

Publicado 2021-08-03

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Vol. 3 Núm. 1 (2021)
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Efectos del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad en altitud simulada. Revisión sistemática. Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud [Internet]. 2021 Aug. 3 [cited 2024 Dec. 31];3(1):98-115. Available from: https://riics.info/index.php/RCMC/article/view/50
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). 

Oscar Adolfo Niño Mendez
Centro de Investigación en Actividad Física, Ejercicio y Deporte (CAFED); Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte y la Educación Física; Universidad de Cundinamarca; Fusagasugá; Colombia.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9703-3666
    Javier Leonardo Reina-Monroy
    Licenciatura en Educación Física, Recreación y Deporte UVD; Facultad de Educación; Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios; Bogotá; Colombia.
      https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3493-9361
      Geraldyn Ayala Pedraza
      Programa Cultura Física y Deporte; Facultad Ciencias Pedagógicas, Humanas y Sociales; Universidad INCCA de Colombia; Bogotá; Colombia.
        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-8835
        José Germán Portilla-Melo
        Programa Cultura Física y Deporte; Facultad Ciencias Pedagógicas, Humanas y Sociales; Universidad INCCA de Colombia; Bogotá; Colombia.
          https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-7738
          Israel David Aguilar-Romero
          Programa Cultura Física y Deporte; Facultad Ciencias Pedagógicas, Humanas y Sociales; Universidad INCCA de Colombia; Bogotá; Colombia.
            https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3361-5071
            Mostrar biografía de los autores

            Introducción: en la actualidad, los entrenadores buscan la manera de mejorar las capacidades físicas de los atletas mediante diferentes estrategias de entrenamiento, como la exposición constante o intermitente a la altitud y el entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad.

            Objetivo: Revisar la literatura actual y describir los efectos sobre el organismo del entrenamiento de intervalos de alta intensidad en altitud simulada en sujetos sedentarios, físicamente activos y entrenados.

            Resultados: el número de artículos revisados evidencia que, en hipoxia simulada en cámara hipobárica o normobárica (n=13) o máscara de simulación de altitud (n=1), todos utilizaron intensidades altas (n=13) a submáximas (n=1). Los participantes de las investigaciones fueron mujeres con obesidad sedentarias (n=3), hombres y mujeres físicamente activos (n=9) y sujetos entrenados (n=3). El tiempo de intervención de los estudios fue de 3 a 12 semanas, con una altitud simulada de 1824 a 4500 m.s.n.m. Se observaron efectos beneficiosos sobre la composición corporal, aptitud cardiorrespiratoria, aumentos en hemoglobina, eritropoyetina, consumo energético, fuerza máxima concéntrica e isométrica, fuerza absoluta y mejor tolerancia al ejercicio (percepción del esfuerzo).

            Conclusiones: La combinación de entrenamientos de intervalos de alta intensidad, combinado con una exposición en altitud simulada, puede evidenciar mejoras significativas en el rendimiento cardiorrespiratorio, así como en aspectos de composición corporal, lo que permitiría una mejor predisposición a intensidades más elevadas de actividad y ejercicio físico.

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