La importancia del sueño en los adolescentes: impacto de variables sociodemográficas y de factores personales

The Importance of Sleep in Adolescents: Impact of Sociodemographic Variables and Personal Factors

Publicado 2024-04-10

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Vol. 6 Núm. 2 (2024)
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La importancia del sueño en los adolescentes: impacto de variables sociodemográficas y de factores personales. Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud [Internet]. 2024 Apr. 10 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];6(2):56-72. Available from: https://riics.info/index.php/RCMC/article/view/282
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https://doi.org/10.46634/riics.282
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Tomás Olivo-Martins-De-Passos
Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva; Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte; Universitat de València; Valencia; España.
    https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2419-6857
    David Parra-Camacho
    Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva; Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte; Universitat de València; Valencia; España.
      https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6002-1354
      Carlos Pérez-Campos
      Facultad de Magisterio y Ciencias de la Educación; Universidad Católica de Valencia; Valencia; España.
        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8996-2411
        Sergio Aguado-Berenguer
        Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva; Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte; Universitat de València; Valencia; España.
          https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5024-8966
          Mostrar biografía de los autores

          Objetivo. Ante la escasez de investigaciones que traten de manera conjunta el conocimiento, la calidad y la higiene del sueño en el adolescente, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las diferencias y las relaciones que existen entre estas variables en función de características sociodemográficas y personales.

          Método. A través de los instrumentos Sleep Beliefs Scale (SBS), Spanish Adolescents and Young Adults Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (AYA-PSQI-S) y Adolescents Sleep Hygiene Scale Revied (ASHSr), se midieron las características del sueño de 140 estudiantes (M = 16,75; DE = 0,75).

          Resultados. El 89,3% de los adolescentes presentaban problemas de sueño, subyacentes de la mejorable higiene del sueño por parte del 62,2% y de un escaso conocimiento general del sueño. El sexo femenino y el alumnado en cursos superiores presentaron mayores problemas para conciliar el sueño, somnolencia y una baja gestión cognitiva-emocional (p < 0,05). La higiene del sueño (β = - 0,344), la edad (β = 0,154) y el autoconcepto (β = -0,349) son los factores que predijeron significativamente (p < 0,05) la calidad del sueño del adolescente.

          Conclusiones. La adquisición de una adecuada higiene del sueño se vuelve fundamental para mejorar la calidad del descanso y la funcionalidad diurna en adolescentes, destacando su importancia, sobre todo, en niveles académicos avanzados y en el caso específico de las mujeres.

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