Distribución de intensidades de entrenamiento sobre el tiempo de carrera en corredores recreativos de resistencia: revisión de alcance
Training intensity distribution on running time in amateur endurance runners: a scoping review
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Mostrar biografía de los autores
Problema: La intensidad en el entrenamiento de la resistencia es importante para mejorar el tiempo de carrera; su manipulación óptima en corredores recreativos no ha sido estudiada ampliamente. El modelo de distribución de intensidad del entrenamiento (DIE) polarizado emerge como posibilidad para reducir el tiempo de carrera. Sin embargo, falta demostrar su efecto comparado con otros modelos de DIE.
Objetivo: Explorar el estado actual de la evidencia científica y sus vacíos respecto al efecto del modelo de DIE polarizado sobre el tiempo de carrera en corredores recreativos, en comparación con otros modelos de DIE.
Método: Se realizó una revisión de alcance sin restricción de fechas en PubMed, EBSCO, SciELO, LILACS y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios controlados aleatorios, estudios cuasiexperimentales y estudios de caso, que tuvieran como DIE el modelo polarizado en corredores recreativos sobre el tiempo de carrera.
Resultados: Cinco estudios evaluaron el efecto en el tiempo de carrera usando el modelo de DIE polarizado comparado con otros modelos en corredores recreativos; cuatro de ellos no mostraron diferencias entre grupos en los tiempos de carrera en dos, cinco y diez km. Solo un estudio mostró diferencias significativas en el tiempo de carrera en 21 km.
Conclusiones: El modelo con DIE polarizado no mostró diferencias significativas en el tiempo de carrera comparado con otros modelos, a excepción de un reporte de caso en el cual la DIE polarizado fue superior en 21 km comparado la DIE umbral: 1 hora. 20 min. 22 s y 1 hora. 26 min. 34 s, respectivamente. La escasa evidencia encontrada, la heterogeneidad en las distancias en el tiempo de carrera evaluado, la distribución de zonas en una misma DIE, la duración de las intervenciones y la monitorización de las cargas son las principales limitaciones encontradas en los estudios. La DIE polarizado podría contribuir a la adherencia, a una menor percepción del esfuerzo y a la prevención de lesiones. No obstante, esto debe ser probado en estudios futuros.
Visitas del artículo 1491 | Visitas PDF 457
- Kinderman W, Simon G, Keul J. Developmental changes in carbohydrate moiety of human alpha‐fetoprotein. Int J Cancer. 1978;22(5):515-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910220502
- Skinner JS, McLellan TH. The Transition from Aerobic to Anaerobic Metabolism. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1980;51(1):234-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.1980.10609285
- Hydren J, Bruce C. Current scientific evidence for a polarized cardiovascular endurance training model. J strength Cond Res [Internet]. 2015;29(12). doi: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001197
- Seiler S. What is best practice for training intensity and duration distribution in endurance athletes? Int J Sports Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2010;5(3):276-91. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.3.276
- Campos Y, Casado A, Vieira JG, Guimarães M, Sant'Ana L, Leitão L, et al. Training-intensity Distribution on Middle- And Long-distance Runners: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Med [Internet]. 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1559-3623
- Filipas L, Bonato M, Gallo G, Codella R. Effects of 16 weeks of pyramidal and polarized training intensity distributions in well-trained endurance runners. Scand J Med Sci Sport [Internet]. 2022;32(3):498-511. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.14101
- Festa L, Tarperi C, Skroce K, La Torre A, Schena F. Effects of Different Training Intensity Distribution in Recreational Runners. Front Sport Act Living [Internet]. 2020;1(January):1-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2019.00070
- Stöggl TL, Sperlich B. The training intensity distribution among well-trained and elite endurance athletes. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2015;6(OCT):295. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2015.00295
- Muñoz I, Seiler S, Bautista J, España J, Larumbe E, Esteve-Lanao J. Does polarized training improve performance in recreational runners? Int J Sports Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2014;9(2):265-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0350
- Röhrken G, Held S, Donath L. Six Weeks of Polarized Versus Moderate Intensity Distribution: A Pilot Intervention Study. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2020;11(November):1-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.534688
- Treff G, Winkert K, Sareban M, Steinacker JM, Sperlich B. The polarization-index: A simple calculation to distinguish polarized from non-polarized training intensity distributions. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2019;10(JUN):1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.00707
- Kenneally M, Casado A, Gomez-Ezeiza J, Santos-Concejero J. Training intensity distribution analysis by race pace vs. physiological approach in world-class middle- and long-distance runners. Eur J Sport Sci [Internet]. 2021;21(6):819-26. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1773934
- Kenneally M, Casado A, Santos-Concejero J. The Effect of Periodization and Training Intensity Distribution on Middle- and Long-Distance Running Performance: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance [Internet]. 2018 Oct 1;13(9):1114–21. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2017-0327
- Stöggl T, Sperlich B. Polarized training has greater impact on key endurance variables than threshold, high intensity, or high volume training. Front Physiol [Internet]. 2014;5 FEB(February):1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2014.00033
- Carnes AJ, Mahoney SE. Polarized vs. High Intensity Multimodal Training in Recreational Runners. Int J Sport Physiol Perform J Int J Sport Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2018;1-28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0040
- Zinner C, Schäfer Olstad D, Sperlich B. Mesocycles with different training intensity distribution in recreational runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc [Internet]. 2018;50(8):1641-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001599
- Auersperger I, Jurov I, Laurencak K, Leskosek B, Skof B. The effect of a short-term training period on physiological parameters and running performance in recreationally active female runners. Sport Mont [Internet]. 2020;18(1):69-74. doi: https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.200212
- Muñoz I, Varela-Sanz A. Training intensity distribution and performance of a recreational male endurance runner. A case report. J Phys Educ Sport. 2018;18(4):2257-63. Available from: https://efsupit.ro/images/stories/decembrie2018/Art%20340.pdf
- Pérez A, Ramos-Campo DJ, Freitas TT, Rubio-Arias J, Marín-Cascales E, Alcaraz PE. Effect of two different intensity distribution training programmes on aerobic and body composition variables in ultra-endurance runners. Eur J Sport Sci [Internet]. 2019;19(5):636-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1539124
- Sellés Pérez S, Fernández-Sáez J, Cejuela R. Polarized and pyramidal training intensity distribution: Relationship with a half-ironman distance triathlon competition. J Sport Sci Med. 2019;18(4):708-15. Available from: https://www.jssm.org/jssm-18-708.xml%3EFulltext
- Neal CM, Hunter AM, Brennan L, O'Sullivan A, Hamilton DL, DeVito G, et al. Six weeks of a polarized training-intensity distribution leads to greater physiological and performance adaptations than a threshold model in trained cyclists. J Appl Physiol [Internet]. 2013;114(4):461-71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00652.2012
- Yu H, Chen X, Zhu W, Cao C. A quasi-experimental study of Chinese top-level speed skaters' training load: Threshold versus polarized model. Int J Sports Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2012;7(2):103-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.7.2.103
- Pla R, Le Meur Y, Aubry A, Toussaint JF, Hellard P. Effects of a 6-week period of polarized or threshold training on performance and fatigue in elite swimmers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2019;14(2):183-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0179
- Foster C, Rodriguez-Marroyo JA, De Koning JJ. Monitoring training loads: The past, the present, and the future. Int J Sports Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2017;12:2-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSPP.2016-0388
- Casado A, González-Mohíno F, González-Ravé JM, Foster C. Training Periodization, Methods, Intensity Distribution, and Volume in Highly Trained and Elite Distance Runners: A Systematic Review. Int J Sports Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2022;17(6):820-33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0435
- Andersen JJ. The State of Running 2019 | RunRepeat [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2022 Sep 1]. Available from: https://runrepeat.com/state-of-running
- Boullosa D, Esteve-Lanao J, Casado A, Peyré-Tartaruga LA, Gomes da Rosa R, Del Coso J. Factors Affecting Training and Physical Performance in Recreational Endurance Runners. Sports [Internet]. 2020;8(3):35. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8030035
- Haugen T, Sandbakk Ø, Seiler S, Tønnessen E. The Training Characteristics of World-Class Distance Runners: An Integration of Scientific Literature and Results-Proven Practice. Sport Med - Open [Internet]. 2022;8(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00438-7
- Bourgois JG, Bourgois G, Boone J. Perspectives and determinants for training-intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2019;14(8):1151-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0722
- Seiler KS, Kjerland GØ. Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes: Is there evidence for an "optimal" distribution? Scand J Med Sci Sport [Internet]. 2006;16(1):49-56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00418.x
- Muñoz I, Cejuela R, Seiler S, Larumbe E, Esteve-Lanao J. Training-intensity distribution during an ironman season: Relationship with competition performance. Int J Sports Physiol Perform [Internet]. 2014;9(2):332-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2012-0352
- Arksey H, O'Malley L. Scoping studies: Towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol Theory Pract [Internet]. 2005;8(1):19-32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1364557032000119616
- Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O'Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med [Internet]. 2018;169(7):467-73. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/M18-0850
- Alvero-Cruz JR, Carnero EA, García MAG, Cárceles FA, Correas-Gómez L, Rosemann T, et al. Predictive performance models in long-distance runners: A narrative review. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020;17(21):1-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218289
- World Athletics. Reglamento de competición y técnico World Athletics 2022. 1-284. Avalilable from: https://www.rfea.es/jueces/publicaciones/Reglamento_Competicion2022_WorldAthleticsESP.pdf
- Borresen J, Lambert MI. The Quantification of Training Load, Effect on Performance. Sport Med [Internet]. 2009;39(9):779-95. doi: https://doi.org/10.2165/11317780-000000000-00000
