Can a natural singing voice be enhanced through digital processing? Implications of voice training and vocology in singers

¿Se puede mejorar una voz de canto natural a través del procesamiento digital? Implicaciones del entrenamiento de la voz y la vocología en cantantes

Published 2021-12-18

Open | Download
PDF Icon Flip Icon XML Icon
Issue
Vol. 3 No. 2 (2021)
Section
Reflection article
How to Cite
1.
Can a natural singing voice be enhanced through digital processing? Implications of voice training and vocology in singers. Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud [Internet]. 2021 Dec. 18 [cited 2024 Nov. 24];3(2):72-86. Available from: https://riics.info/index.php/RCMC/article/view/119
DOI

https://doi.org/10.46634/riics.119
Dimensions
PlumX
license
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Junseo Cha
Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology; The Graduate School; Daegu Catholic University; Gyeongsan; South Korea.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5096-6757
    Seong Hee Choi
    Research Institute of Biomimetic Sensory Control; Daegu Catholic University; Gyeongsan; South Korea.
      https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2365-6187
      Chul-Hee Choi
      Catholic Hearing Voice Speech Center; Daegu Catholic University; Gyeongsan; South Korea.
        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1844-3072
        Show authors biography

        Introduction. The traditional way of facilitating a good singing voice has been achieved through rigorous voice training. In modern days, however, there are some aspects of the singing voice that can be enhanced through digital processing. Although in the past, the frequency or intensity manipulations had to be achieved through the various singing techniques of the singer, technology today allows the singing voice to be enhanced from the instruments within recording studios. In essence, the traditional voice pedagogy and the evolution of digital audio processing both strive to achieve a better quality of the singing voice, but with different methods. Nevertheless, the major aspects of how the singing voice can be manipulated are not communicated among the professionals in each field.

        Objective. This paper offers insights as to how the quality of the singing voice can be changed physiologically through the traditional ways of voice training, and also digitally through various instruments that are now available in recording studios.

        Reflection. The ways in which singers train their voice must be mediated with the audio technology that is available today. Although there are aspects in which digital technology can aid the singer’s voice, there remain areas in which the singers must train their singing system at a physiological level to produce a better singing voice.

        Article visits 731 | PDF visits 393

        1. Nielsen MRC Soundscan, Billboard. MRC Data Year-End Report - Billboard [Internet]. [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://static.billboard.com/files/2021/01/MRC_Billboard_YEAR_END_2020_US-Final201.8.21-1610124809.pdf
        2. Lanus L. Is Classical Music not popular anymore? Pulsechamber Music [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://pulsechambermusic.com/is-classical-music-not-popular-anymore/
        3. RIAA. U.S. sales database [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://www.riaa.com/u-s-sales-database/
        4. Wikipedia contributors. Sound recording and reproduction. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction#1950s_to_1980s
        5. Wikipedia contributors. Steinberg Cubase. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinberg_Cubase
        6. Wikipedia contributors. Pro tools. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_Tools
        7. Wikipedia contributors. Singing. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing
        8. Pershall KE, Boone DR. Supraglottic contribution to voice quality. J Voice. 1987;1(2):186–90. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(87)80044-9
        9. Painter C. The laryngeal vestibule and voice quality. Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1986;243(5):329–37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00460212
        10. Sundberg J. Articulatory interpretation of the “singing formant”. J Acoust Soc Am. 1974;55(4):838–44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1914609
        11. Hunter EJ, Titze IR. Overlap of hearing and voicing ranges in singing [Internet]. Journal of singing: the official journal of the National Association of Teachers of Singing. U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2005;61(4):387-392 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19844607
        12. Shaw EAG. The external ear. In: Keidel WD, Neff WD, editors. Handbook of Sensory Physiology. New York City, New York: Springer-Verlag; 1974. p.455–90.
        13. Titze IR, Story BH. Acoustic interactions of the voice source with the lower vocal tract. J Acoust Soc Am. 1997;101(4):2234–43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.418246
        14. Titze IR. Voice training and therapy with a semi-occluded vocal tract: Rationale and scientific underpinnings. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006;49(2):448–59. doi: https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2006/035)
        15. Samlan RA, Kreiman J. Perceptual consequences of changes in epilaryngeal area and shape. J Acoust Soc Am. 2013;136(5):2798–806. doi: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.4799525
        16. Titze IR, Abbott KV. Vocology: The science and practice of Voice Habilitation. Salt Lake City, Utah: National Center for Voice and Speech; 2012.
        17. Titze I. Acoustic interpretation of Resonant Voice. J Voice. 2001;15(4):519–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(01)00052-2
        18. Verdolini K, Druker DG, Palmer PM, Samawi H. Laryngeal adduction in Resonant Voice. J Voice. 1998;12(3):315–27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(98)80021-0
        19. Yanagisawa E, Estill J, Kmucha ST, Leder SB. The contribution of aryepiglottic constriction to “ringing” voice quality—a videolaryngoscopic study with acoustic analysis. J Voice. 1989;3(4):342–50. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(89)80057-8
        20. Titze IR, Palaparthi A, Cox K, Stark A, Maxfield L, Manternach B. Vocalization with semi-occluded airways is favorable for Optimizing Sound Production. PLoS Comput. Biol. 2021;17(3): e1008744. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008744
        21. Titze IR, Laukkanen A-M. Can vocal economy in phonation be increased with an artificially lengthened vocal tract? A Computer Modeling Study. Logoped. Phoniatr. Vocol. 2007;32(4):147–56. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14015430701439765
        22. Bele IV. Artificially lengthened and constricted vocal tract in vocal training methods. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2005;30(1):34–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14015430510006677
        23. Laukkanen A-M, Horáček J, Krupa P, Švec JG. The effect of phonation into a straw on the vocal tract adjustments and formant frequencies. A preliminary MRI study on a single subject completed with acoustic results. Biomed Signal Process Control. 2012;7(1):50–7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2011.02.004
        24. Titze IR. Principles of Voice production. Iowa City, Iowa: National Center for Voice and Speech; 2000.
        25. Callaghan J. Singing and voice science. San Diego, California: Singular Publishing Group; 2000.
        26. Titze IR. Formant Frequency Shifts for Classical and Theater Belt Vowel Modification [Internet]. National Association of Teachers of Singing. [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://www.nats.org/cgi/page.cgi/_article.html/Journal_of_Singing/Formant_Frequency_Shifts_for_Classical_and_Theater_Belt_Vowel_Modification_2011_Jan_Feb
        27. Titze IR, Sundberg J. Vocal intensity in speakers and singers. J Acoust Soc Am. 1991;90(4):2936–46. doi: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.402160
        28. Sundberg J. What's so special about singers? J Voice. 1990;4(2):107–19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0892-1997(05)80135-3
        29. Titze IR. Simulation of vocal loudness regulation with lung pressure, vocal fold adduction, and source-airway interaction. J Voice. Forthcoming 2021. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.11.030
        30. Titze IR. Regulation of laryngeal resistance and maximum power transfer with semi-occluded airway vocalization. J Acoust Soc Am. 2021;149(6):4106–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0005124
        31. Titze IR, Worley AS. Modeling source-filter interaction in belting and high-pitched operatic male singing. J Acoust Soc Am. 2009;126(3):1530–40. doi: https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3160296
        32. Decker TN. Instrumentation: An introduction for students in the speech and hearing sciences. New York: Longman; 1990.
        33. Fox A. What is microphone frequency response?. My New Microphone [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://mynewmicrophone.com/frequency-response/
        34. Lass NJ, Woodford CM. Hearing science fundamentals. St. Louis, Mississippi: Plural Publishing, Inc.; 2007.
        35. Owinski B. Mixing engineer's Handbook. Bobby Owsinski [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://bobbyowsinski.com/mixing-engineers-handbook/
        36. Hobbs J. How to EQ vocals professionally: The Easy 6 Step Method. LedgerNote [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://ledgernote.com/columns/mixing-mastering/how-to-eq-vocals/
        37. Gavin B. What are woofers, mid-range speakers, and tweeters?. How. How-To Geek [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://www.howtogeek.com/354985/what-are-woofers-mid-range-speakers-and-tweeters/
        38. Wikipedia contributors. Dynamic Range Compression. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_range_compression
        39. Wikipedia contributors. Loudness War. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loudness_war
        40. Stewart I. Mastering for streaming platforms: Normalization, LUFS, and loudness myths demystified. iZotope [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2021 Nov 19]. Available from: https://www.izotope.com/en/learn/mastering-for-streaming-platforms.html
        Publish with RIICS

        Scimago

        Most read in the last 30 days

        Sistema OJS 3.4.0.7 - Metabiblioteca |