Efectividad de ejercicios para rehabilitar la disfagia orofaríngea posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular: una revisión integradora

Effectiveness of exercises to rehabilitate oropharyngeal dysphagia after stroke: an integrative review

Publicado 2022-02-05

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Vol. 4 Núm. 1 (2022)
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Artículos de revisión
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1.
Efectividad de ejercicios para rehabilitar la disfagia orofaríngea posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular: una revisión integradora. Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud [Internet]. 2022 Feb. 5 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];4(1):73-91. Available from: https://riics.info/index.php/RCMC/article/view/81
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https://doi.org/10.46634/riics.81
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Jorge Sepúlveda-Contreras
Departamento de Fonoaudiología; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Valdivia; Valdivia; Chile.
    https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7060-2475
    Francisca Jarpa-Muñoz
    Departamento de Fonoaudiología; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad San Sebastián, Sede Valdivia; Valdivia; Chile.
      https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-0095
      Mostrar biografía de los autores

      Introducción. La selección del tratamiento para pacientes con disfagia debe basarse en evidencia con la mejor calidad posible. Este tratamiento puede involucrar ejercicios de rehabilitación con el objetivo de modificar la fisiología de la deglución y promover cambios a largo plazo.

      Objetivo. Explorar los efectos de ejercicios y maniobras destinadas a la reactivación de la función de deglución en personas con disfagia orofaríngea posterior a un accidente cerebrovascular, a través de publicaciones científicas existentes en los últimos diez años.

      Metodología. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed con los términos MeSH “Deglutition Disorders” y “Exercise Therapy”, y con los términos libres “Dysphagia” y “Swallowing Therapy”, combinados con el booleano de intersección “AND”.

      Resultados. Los ejercicios con entrenamiento de resistencia de lengua al paladar, entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular espiratoria (EMST), chin tuck contra resistencia (CTAR), Shaker y apertura mandibular fueron los que mostraron, con mayor respaldo bibliográfico, efectos positivos en el tratamiento de la disfagia.

      Conclusiones. La información recopilada podría ser de utilidad clínica para guiar la selección de uno u otro procedimiento terapéutico. Se debe continuar generando evidencia relacionada con la efectividad de los ejercicios deglutorios en la disfagia orofaríngea posterior a un ACV.

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