Dotación fonoaudiológica para la rehabilitación de pacientes adultos y pediátricos en hospitales públicos chilenos
Speech-Language Therapist Staffing for the Rehabilitation of Adult and Paediatric In/Outpatients in Chilean Public Hospitals

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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Introducción. Los fonoaudiólogos son clave en los equipos de salud; las instituciones de salud deben contar con personal suficiente para una atención de calidad.
Objetivo. Determinar la dotación profesional de fonoaudiología requerida para la atención abierta y cerrada de pacientes adultos y pediátricos en hospitales públicos de la red asistencial chilena.
Método. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal, que incluyó camas de hospitales públicos chilenos. El cálculo se realizó de acuerdo a la guía del Ministerio de Salud de Chile para la estimación de los recursos humanos en rehabilitación requeridos para atención hospitalaria y ambulatoria, según el número y tipo de camas clínicas (básicas, medias y críticas) disponibles en cada institución de salud pública.
Resultados. 189 hospitales fueron analizados, con 23.677 camas clínicas, 81% para la atención de pacientes adultos y 19% para pacientes pediátricos. A nivel nacional, se requieren 28.950 horas semanales de fonoaudiología en los hospitales públicos para la atención abierta y cerrada: 85% para pacientes adultos y 15% para pediátricos. Las regiones de Magallanes y Ñuble concentran el mayor porcentaje de requerimiento para pacientes adultos (92 y 91%). Las regiones de Tarapacá, Metropolitana y Aysén, por su parte, requieren 18% para pacientes pediátricos (18%). La Región Metropolitana contempla cerca del 35% del requerimiento nacional, seguido del Biobío (10,29%) y Valparaíso (9,87%).
Conclusión. Se sugiere que cada hospital revise estos resultados para garantizar una planificación adecuada de profesionales. También se debe considerar la propuesta para días inhábiles para atención de pacientes hospitalizados, y así optimizar los resultados clínicos, los aspectos de calidad de vida y de gestión institucional. Es necesario continuar generando evidencia a favor de la atención, la optimización de recursos y el bienestar de los profesionales clínicos.
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