Riesgo cariogénico en presencia de alimentos de variado índice glicémico en estudiantes de odontología. Estudio transversal

Cariogenic Risk in the Presence of Foods with Varied Glycemic Index in Dentistry Students. Cross-Sectional Study

Publicado 2024-12-16

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Vol. 7 Núm. 1 (2025)
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Artículos de investigación
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1.
Riesgo cariogénico en presencia de alimentos de variado índice glicémico en estudiantes de odontología. Estudio transversal. Rev. Investig. Innov. Cienc. Salud [Internet]. 2024 Dec. 16 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];7(1):1-13. Available from: https://riics.info/index.php/RCMC/article/view/315
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https://doi.org/10.46634/riics.315
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Lisse Angarita-Dávila
Universidad Andrés Bello image/svg+xml
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7860-5112
Josefa Escobar-Zoñez
Universidad Andrés Bello image/svg+xml
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9145-2441
Kaslyn Morales-Cerda
Universidad Andrés Bello image/svg+xml
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4760-9525
Héctor Fuentes-Barria
Universidad Andrés Bello image/svg+xml
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-0848
María Eugenia Carrasco-Hernández
Universidad Andrés Bello image/svg+xml
Roles:  
https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3851-3681
Mostrar biografía de los autores

Lisse Angarita-Dávila,

Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad Andres Bello; Concepción; Chile.

Josefa Escobar-Zoñez,

Escuela de Odontología; Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Andres Bello; Concepción; Chile.

Kaslyn Morales-Cerda,

Escuela de Odontología; Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Andres Bello; Concepción; Chile.

Héctor Fuentes-Barria,

1 Escuela de Odontología; Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Andres Bello; Concepción; Chile.

2 Universidad Arturo Prat; Iquique; Chile.

María Eugenia Carrasco-Hernández,

Escuela de Odontología; Facultad de Odontología; Universidad Andres Bello; Concepción; Chile.

Raúl Aguilera-Eguía,

Universidad Arturo Prat; Iquique; Chile.

Introducción. La odontología, una profesión con elevados niveles de estrés, se asocia con una disminución en la calidad de vida y posibles riesgos para la salud bucal.

Objetivo. Identificar el riesgo cariogénico a partir de los alimentos consumidos por estudiantes de odontología en la región Biobio.

Metodología. Estudio descriptivo transversal con 178 estudiantes de odontología de la región del Biobio (Chile), cuyo análisis consideró la autoevaluación del estrés académico con el Inventario de Estrés Académico, riesgo cariogénico, a través de la Encuesta de Consumo de Alimentos Cariogénicos de Lipari y Andrade, y el índice glicémico se evaluó a partir de las Tablas Internacionales de Índice Glicémico. El análisis estadístico consideró la prueba Chi-cuadrado, siendo el tamaño del efecto determinado por la V de Cramer.

Resultados. Los estudiantes tenían 22,2 ± 3,1 años. La prevalencia de sobrepeso u obesidad fue del 44.4% (n = 79), el 52.8% (n = 94) presentaba normopeso y el 2.8% (n = 5) tenía bajo peso. El 59.6% (n = 106) reportó un nivel de estrés bajo y el 57.8% (n = 103) tenía riesgo cariogénico medio. El análisis del riesgo cariogénico reveló diferencias significativas en la ingesta de 14 grupos de alimentos, destacando los ricos en azúcares. En el subgrupo con sobrepeso u obesidad, se observaron diferencias significativas en el consumo de leche, galletas, galletas de soda, caramelos y pastel dulce.

Conclusión. Se encontró una asociación entre los alimentos ricos en azúcares, el estado nutricional y el riesgo cariogénico, mientras que los alimentos apetitosos se relacionaron con el estrés académico.

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