El efecto de diferentes intensidades de entrenamiento sobre el aumento de los niveles de adiponectina en ratones (Mus musculus) inducidos por alta fructosa
The Effect of Difference Training Intensity on Increased Adiponectin Levels in High-fructose-induced Mice (Mus musculus)
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
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Introducción. El consumo excesivo de fructosa se ha asociado con la aparición de la obesidad y una serie de disfunciones metabólicas. Se postula que el ejercicio físico es una intervención potente para mejorar las anomalías metabólicas inducidas por la obesidad, aparentemente a través del aumento de las concentraciones de adiponectina. Sin embargo, los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes a este efecto siguen sin comprenderse adecuadamente.
Objetivo. Este estudio tiene como objetivo demostrar el impacto de la intensidad del ejercicio en el aumento de los niveles de adiponectina en ratones inducidos por alto contenido en fructosa, destacando los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes.
Métodos. El experimento se realizó en 36 ratones machos (Mus musculus), de ±8 semanas de edad, con un peso corporal de ± 20 - 25 gramos, en condiciones saludables y sin defectos. Los ratones se dividieron aleatoriamente en cuatro grupos. El grupo control sin entrenamiento (CN; n = 9); el grupo de entrenamiento de natación de baja intensidad con una carga del 3% del peso corporal de los ratones (LI; n = 9); el grupo de entrenamiento de natación de intensidad moderada con una carga del 6% del peso corporal de los ratones (MI; n = 9); y el grupo de entrenamiento de natación de alta intensidad con una carga del 9% del peso corporal de los ratones (HI; n = 9). La frecuencia del entrenamiento de natación se llevó a cabo 3 veces/semana durante 8 semanas, y la duración del entrenamiento de natación se calculó como el 80% del tiempo máximo de natación en cada sesión. Todos los grupos recibieron una solución de fructosa al 30% por vía oral (ad libitum) durante 8 semanas. Los niveles de adiponectina se cuantificaron mediante ELISA. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante ANOVA de una vía y la prueba post hoc de Tukey HSD, con un umbral de significancia establecido en 5%.
Resultados. Los resultados indicaron una divergencia estadísticamente significativa en los niveles de adiponectina (p ≤ 0.001). El análisis post hoc de Tukey HSD reveló diferencias sustanciales entre CN y LI (p = 0.196), CN y MI (p = 0.0001), CN y HI (p = 0.001), LI y MI (p = 0.001), LI y HI (p = 0.001), y MI y HI (p = 0.001).
Conclusión. Este estudio encontró que el entrenamiento de natación de intensidad moderada fue más óptimo para aumentar los niveles de adiponectina en ratones inducidos por fructosa en comparación con los grupos de alta intensidad, baja intensidad y control. Además, esta investigación identificó vías moleculares específicas activadas por el entrenamiento de intensidad moderada, proporcionando nuevas perspectivas para intervenciones terapéuticas en la lucha contra las disfunciones metabólicas relacionadas con la obesidad.
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